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Company
Store |
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THE HEILWOOD COMPANY STORE The Heilwood Company store was a product of necessity. Being a rural, isolated area, the newly created town needed a central place to purchase the basic necessities of daily living. Pennsylvania state law required that mining companies and company stores be incorporated separately. Therefore, the Heilwood Company was incorporated in October of 1904 for "the purpose of carrying on a general mercantile and merchandise business in the sale of dry goods, fabrics, clothing, boots, shoes, groceries, feed and provisions and other articles of domestic use." In the eyes of the law, the store was a separate corporation - however, it was still deeply linked to its "parent" coal mining company. The new corporation was to transact its business in Heilwood, Indiana County, Pennsylvania, but its initial stockholders and board of directors were once again (as with the Heilwood Coal Company) all from Philadelphia. They were Andrew J. Rapp, Edmund Humphries, Stewart Frazer, James W. Birch, and James E. Wilkinson (who also served as the Treasurer). The amount of the capital stock of the corporation was also the same as the Heilwood Coal Company - $25,000. The corporation was enrolled in the Charter Book on November 15, 1904. By December 1904 construction for the new Heilwood Company store had begun. It would be a two-story, wooden frame building and included not only a general store, but also the town post office. The store manager's house was constructed directly below the store (see picture at left). John McMurray Thompson, having sold his store in Decker's Point and relocated to Heilwood, would become the first store manager as well as the town's first postmaster. When J. H. Weaver divested himself of his Heilwood holdings in 1906, it became necessary for the new owners - the Penn Mary Coal Company - to sell the company store and store manager's house back to the Heilwood Company. This transaction took place in 1907 at a cost of $300, and the store would remain in the same location until 1909. The original Heilwood Company store continued to serve the town as a restaurant and 12-room boarding house. Tax records indicate that Clyde Fulton operated it from about 1911 to 1917, and he was followed by John Griffith. Records later show that Romeo Rossi operated it from about 1921 to 1924, and according to the Indiana Evening Gazette, he even installed “a modern soda fountain” (see bottom photo at left). No other specific operators could be located. In 1935, the restaurant disappeared from the Pine Township/Heilwood tax records. The exact disposition of the building is not known at this time.
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THE NEW COMPANY STORE In November of 1909, the Penn Mary Coal Company and the Heilwood Company “exchanged” deeds of property. The Penn Mary Coal Company received the store and store manager's home in exchange for a 150' x 120' piece of property, upon which they wanted to construct a new store with a modern meat market attached. Jack London, formerly of the Hyde-Murphy Company of Ridgeway and now Superintendent of Building for the Penn Mary Coal Company, would supervise the construction. A two-story, 60' x 90', wooden frame building, more than double the size of the previous store, was built on the new lot. By the spring of 1910, the new store was ready to open for business. Thompson continued to hold the dual positions of store manager and postmaster in the new building until August 1914. At this time, the Cambria Steel Company of Johnstown purchased the mines and the entire town, and replaced management personnel.* James Eck of Carrolltown was named the new manager, and maintained the position until 1916, when the mines and town were sold to the Bethlehem Steel Company of Johnstown. Once again, management personnel changes were made and J. R. Duncan became the new store manager, until 1933. It should be noted that on December 11, 1919, the corporate name of the Heilwood Company (chartered in October 1904) was officially changed to the Service Stores Corporation. William McDowell replaced Duncan as manager from 1934-35, and he was followed by W. A. Dinsmore from 1935-1940. Dinsmore had previously served as the Assistant Store Manager from 1929-1933. With the 1940 leasing of the mines and town to the Redlands Coal Company (a subsidiary of the J. H. Weaver Company of Philadelphia), the management personnel and name of the store changed once again. The new name was the Revloc Supply Company (see last photo on this page), and the manager was James Buckshaw, who served until 1949, when yet another name/manager change was made. On March 1, 1949, articles of incorporation were filed by Harry and Elizabeth Radebach of Heilwood, along with Lido and Gracinta Giovacchini of Colver, for the Heilwood Store Company. Harry Radebach managed the store until March 1, 1952, at which time the Heilwood Store Company was dissolved. The last manager of the company store was Harry Owens, who operated it until June 1954, when the doors were closed for the final time. The company store had served the community for almost 50 years! *No information has been located to indicate how long the store manager continued as Post Master. However, newspaper records indicate Post Master examinations for Heilwood were being given in March 1922, and the annual salary was $1,400.
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COMPETITION TO THE COMPANY STORE Being the only store in town initially, one might imagine the prices of the goods were inflated. This was probably true to some extent, but given the overhead costs - clerks, delivery people, office staff - the store manager had the task of showing a profit while maintaining a price level that wouldn't drive the residents to seek outside merchants. A coal miner's family could buy goods from the store "on the book" - this was an advance to the miner that would be deducted from his wages prior to receiving his pay every two weeks (coupon books and "company script" are two examples of how these advances worked - see photos at left). There was usually very little extra at paydays (see photo of actual pay envelope at left), so candy and ice cream for a miner’s children was typically out of the question. Sometimes pay day would bring the "infamous snake" - when a miner's expenditures exceeded his actual earnings for a two-week pay period (see pay envelope at left). Around 1905, some mining families that were dissatisfied with the Heilwood Company store started buying their goods from the newly opened independent stores south of town. These independent stores were family-run businesses, where members of the family owned, operated, and delivered the goods to their customers. Prices were competitive, overhead was minimal, and the selection and quality of their goods offered were probably very basic and lacking compared to the Heilwood Company store. When the independent merchants tried to deliver their goods to Heilwood customers, they were met by the coal company with fines and trespassing charges. On November 12, 1906, the Indiana Evening Gazette reported that the Penn Mary Coal Company had placed a wire fence around Heilwood with only two gates to enter and exit. The following notice was posted on the fence:
One of the independent store owners took exception to this and filed suit against the Penn Mary Coal Company in March 1907. After reviewing the company’s leases and the act of assembly of April 14, 1905, Judge Telford of Indiana, Pa. entered a judgment in favor of the independent store owner with costs! Not entirely satisfied with this judgment, the store owner brought another suit against the coal company for a "loss of business" totaling $10,000. This suit was dismissed from the courts for "lack of showing damage claims." |
| A SOCIAL HUB The Heilwood Company store was the social center of the community, a place where people could not only buy their everyday staples, but could also congregate in the evenings to discuss the day’s work or reminisce about the "old country." Games such as “morra” (the Italian finger game), poker, and pitching pennies were often part of an evening’s activities. The post office was an important gathering place within the company store, where town residents could not only receive news from "home" but also send money orders back to the "old country" for family members or a bride-to-be! Several years after opening, the upper floor of the store - accessible by an outside staircase (see photo at right) - was configured into “club rooms” that were primarily used by coal company management personnel for company dances and meetings. However, other social groups, like the Pine Tree Bridge Club, would also meet upstairs. |
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